This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Known devices for taking the square root contain an operational amplifier and a multiplier connected in a feedback loop ...

Background Electronic apex locators (EALs) are modern devices used to determine the working length during root canal preparation. The newest endodontic motors provide an integrated EAL with auto-stop ...

Known devices for taking the square root contain an operational amplifier and a multiplier connected in a feedback loop. The accuracy of these devices depends on the method of building the multiplier, ...