Listen carefully. The top level of the OSI Reference Model and the IETF protocol stack is the application layer. The application layer, however, doesn’t do applications. It provides services such as ...

While borderless DeFi applications, tokenized products and the popularity of AI-driven metaverses and NFTs made Web3 pervasive from business and socio-culture standpoints, the ‘base layer protocol’ ...

Layer-3 blockchains refer to a layer of blockchain technology built on top of base layers to provide customized application-specific blockchains tailored to users’ needs. Typically, L2s intend to ...

Application layer distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are on the rise, and organizations must protect themselves from this uptick in application layer attacks and from the overall scourge of ...