The OSI model defines protocols for how a network technically handles communications at the various functional layers. Starting with electrons and photons at the physical layer (Layer 1), the ...

Knowledge of the structure of Internet Protocol (IP) packets is a fundamental part of understanding the Internet and how information moves from one point to another. The benefits of such knowledge ...

The Internet Protocol layer is comparable to layer 3 in the OSI model. The host-to-host layer is equivalent to OSI layer 4. These are the TCP and UDP (user datagram protocol) functions.

When troubleshooting network issues it’s helpful to understand if the issue is occurring at Layer 2 or Layer 3 of the OSI model.

This is a good example of de-cerebralisation in action. The 4-7 layer band in the OSI 7-layer network model covers some important tasks, such as load-balancing.