Last week, it seemed that OpenAI—the secretive firm behind ChatGPT—had been broken open. The company’s board had suddenly fired CEO Sam Altman, hundreds of employees revolted in protest, Altman was ...

Q-learning is a type of reinforcement learning algorithm that teaches agents how to act in a given environment to maximise rewards over time. It uses a simple but powerful idea: learn from experience ...

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning that addresses problems where there is no explicit training data. Q-learning is an algorithm that can be used to solve some types of RL ...

To put these approaches into practice, researchers use a variety of exotic-sounding algorithms, from kernel machines to Q-learning. But since the 2010s, artificial neural networks have taken center ...

We develop methodology for a multistage decision problem with flexible number of stages in which the rewards are survival times that are subject to censoring. We present a novel Q-learning algorithm ...