Chronic disappointment can train the brain to expect pain instead of reward. Restoring hope means reawakening dopamine ...

The study, published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, found the effect occurs in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), a region that regulates stress and emotion.

Ultraprocessed foods can create powerful pulls similar to those of alcohol, nicotine or opioids, with worrisome consequences for our health.

This 3-part series looks at the current evidence for the treatment of SUD, alcohol use disorder, and tobacco use disorder.