December 26, 2004 M9.1 Earthquake & Indian Ocean Tsunami In the early morning hours of December 26, 2004, the Earth unleashed one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded. A massive M9.1 megathrust rupture off the coast of Sumatra violently displaced the seafloor, sending walls of water racing across the Indian Ocean. Within minutes, coastlines were swallowed. Entire communities vanished. Waves traveled thousands of kilometers, striking country after country with almost no warning. By the

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, one of the deadliest disasters in recent history, claimed more than 220,000 lives across 14 countries. Tsunamis are unpredictable and can arrive within minutes or hours, impacting multiple ocean basins. In response, UNESCO and its Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission took the lead in developing a coordinated global early warning system. has developed a global early warning system relying on a dense network of sensors, tide gauges, and regional warning centers